Contents
Preface xxi
Informatlon Update Service xxvii
Introduction xxix
Part 1 Mobile Computing Power: Vision, Potential
Applications, and Economics
Chapter 1. Mobile Computing Power: Promises, Potential
and Challenges
AboutThis Chapter
1.1 The Promises
1.1.1 AreThese Promises Being Fulfilled?
1.2 ThePotential
1.3 The Challenge of Reallzing Mobile Computing's Potential
Summary
Chapter 2. Moblle Computing Applications
AboutThis Chapter
2.1 Characteristics of Mobile-Worthy Appllcatlons
2.1.1 The First-Generation Nature of Mobile Computlng
Applications
2.1.2 Defining a Mobile-Aware Application Design
2.2 Horizontal Mobile Computing Appllcations
2.2.1 Electronic Mail
2.2.2 Electronic Messaging via Paglng
2.2.3 Sales Force Automation
2.2.4 FileTransferAppllcatlon
2.2.5 Multimedia
2.3 Generlc Horizontal Appllcatlons Requiring Extensive Customization
2.3.1 Database Access from an Information Server
2.3.2 Computer-Aided Dispatch (CAO)
2.3.3 Intrasite and Intersite Mobllity Appllcatlon
2.3.4 Marine Ship-to-Shore Connectlvlty Applicatlons
2.3.5 GPS- and GLS-Based Appllcations
2.3.6 Field Audlt and Inspection Application
2.3.7 Disaster Recovery Appllcations of Wireless Networks
and Mobile Computing
2.4 Vertical Applications: Industry Speciflc
2.4.1 Financial Industry: Insurance and Financial Planning
2.4.2 Financial Industry: Banks
2.4.3 Financial Industry: Stock Trading
2.4.4 Mobile Computing in the Retail and Distribution Industries
2.4.5 Airline and Railway Industries
2.4.6 Wlreless Networks in the Manufacturing and Mining
Industries
2.4.7 Health Care Applications
2.4.8 Public Sector: Law Enforcement and Public Safety
2.4.9 Public Sector: General Office
2.4.10 Public Sector: Natural Resources and Environmental
Control
2.4.11 Public Sector: Miscellaneous Applications
2.4.12 Utilities
2.4.13 Transportation (Courier and Trucking) Industry
2.4.14 Car Rental Agency Application
2.4.15 Electronic News Communication
2.4.16 Hospitality Industry
2.5 Miscellaneous Industry Applications
2.5.1 AutomatedToll Collection
2.5.2 Automated Information Collection: Meter Reading
2.5.3 Electronic Maps for Real Estate, Insurance Appraisers
and Others
2.5.4 Special Events: Sports, Exhibitions, and Conferences
2.6 Application Case Studies
2.6.1 UPS Parcel Delivery Status Application
2.6.2 Ontario Government Public Safety Pilot Project
Summary
Chapter 3. Business Process Reengineering: Moblle Computing
as Enabling Technology
AboutThisChapter
3.1 What Is BPR?
3.2 The Need for Reengineerlng Current Business Processes
3.2.1 BPR in the Mobile Computing Context
3.3 Steps Involved in BPR
3.4 Mobile Computing aa Enabler of Reengineering
3.5 BPR Examples
3.5.1 Courier Industry Application
3.5.2 Law Enforcement-Electronlc Citation/Ticket Application
3.6 Principles of Business Innovatlon
Summary
Chapter 4. The Business Case for Mobile Computing
AboutThisChapter
4.1 Methodology for Developing a Business Case
4.1.1 Quantifying Unquantiflable Benetits
4.1.2 Enhanced Welght Asslgnment Scheme
4.1.3 Overall Process for Evaluatlng Tangible and Intangible
Costs and Beneflts
4.2 Costs
4.2.1 Tangible Costs
4.2.2 Intanglble Costs
4.3 Beneflts
4.3.1 Tanglble Benefits
4.3.2 Intangible Benefits
4.4 Return on Investment
4.5 Industry Experience of Return on Investment
Summary
Part 2 End-to-End Mobile Computing Technology
Architecture
Chapter 5. An End-to-End Technology Architecture for
Mobile Computing
About This Chapter
5.1 Moblle Business Users' Interconnectivity Needs and Factors
Affecting Technology Archltecture
5.2 Hardware Technology Architecture
5.2.1 Characteristlcs of a Basic Moblle Computlng Configuration
5.2.2 Characteristlcs of a Large Mobile Computlng Conflguration
5.3 Network Architecture for Mobile Computing
5.3.1 Simple Wireless Network Model
5.3.2 Hierarchlcal Architecture of a Wireless Network
5.3.3 Wiretess Network Characteristlcs
5.4 Software Technology Archltecture
5.4.1 Current State of Software Architecture for Mobile
Computlng
5.4.2 Software Components
5.5 Logical Technology Archltecture
5.5.1 Appllcatlon Data Flow Architecture
5.5.2 System Control Flow Archilecture
5.6 Interoperability Considerations from an Architectural Perspective
5.7 Technology Principles for an Integrated Architectural Framework
5.8 Methodology for Developing a Technology Architecture
Summary
Part 3 Mobile Computing Components
Chapter 6. End-User Devices for Mobile Computing
AboutThisChapter
6.1 Notebooks and Powerbooks
6.1.1 Hardware Architecture
6.1.2 Considerations In the Selectlon of Notebooks for
Moblle Appllcations
6.2 The Pen-Based Computer: A Slightly Ditferent Notebook
6.2.1 Palmpad Version ot Pen-Based Notebooks
6.3 Handheld Computers
6.4 Personal Digltal Assistants (PDAs)
6.4.1 Newton MessagePad
6.4.2 Simon
6.4.3 Evolutlon of PDAs
6.5 Pagers
6.6 Mobile Printers
6.7 PC Card (PCMCIA) Peripherals
6.7.1 PCMCIA Memory Cards
6.7.2 Removable Hard Disk PC Cards
6.7.3 PC Card (PCMCIAs) lor LAN: Wired and Wireless
6.7.4 PC Card (PCMCIA) for Modem: Wired and Wireless
6.7.5 PC Card (PCMCIA) Wireless Radio Modems
6.7.6 PC Card (PCMCIA) ISDN Cards
6.7.7 PC Card (PCMCIA) Paging Cards
6.7.8 PC Card for Global Positioning System
6.7.9 Multlmedia PC Cards
6.7.10 Encryptlon PC (PCMCIA) Cards
6.7.11 Multifunction PCMCIA Cards
6.8 Mobile Fax Machines
6.9 Specialized End-User Devices
6.10 Infrared Links for Peripheral Devices
Summary
Chapter 7. Wireless LANs: A Platform tor Mobile Computing
in Metropolitan Areas
AboutThis Chapter
7.1 The Need (or Wireless LANs
7.2 The Differences between Wired and Wlreless LANs
7.3 Three Major Scenarlos of Wlreless LAN Implementations
7.3.1 TrueWirelessLAN
7.3.2 Flexible Mobile LANs
7.3.3 LAN-to-LAN Bridglng in a Campus Environment
7.4 Wlreless LAN Components
7.5 How Does Wireless LAN Technology Work?
7.5.1 Understanding the Basic Terms
7.5.2 Technologies and Prequencies
7.6 Wlreless LAN Products
7.7 Wireless LAN Applications
7.7.1 Health Care Industry
7.7.2 Industrlal and Manufacturing Industries
7.7.3 StockTradingFloor
7.7.4 Hospitality Industry
7.7.5 Retail Industry
7.7.6 Distributlon Industry
7.7.7 All Industries: LAN Brldging
7.8 Wireless LANTechnology Evaluatlon Considerations
7.9 Deslgn and Implementation Consideratlons for Wlreless LANs
7.10 Wlreless LAN Market
Summary
Chapter 8. Wireless/Radlo Networks: Mobile Computing's
Information Highways
AboutThls Chapter
8.1 Theory of Radlo Communlcatlons
8.1.1 Electromagnetic Spectrum
8.1.2 Use of Radlo Frequencies for Different Forms of Wireless
Communication
8.1.3 Modulatlon Process: Addlng Informatlon to the
Electromagnetlc Spectrum
8.1.4 Basic Multlplexing Techniques tor Wireless/Radio:
Uslng Frequency Efficiently
8.1.5 Stretching the Frequency Use/Frequency Reuse Concept
In WlrelessTechnology
8.2 Components of a Wireless/Fiadio Network
8.2.1 Base Statlons
8.2.2 Repeaters
8.2.3 Satellltes as Repeaters for Wireless Networks
8.2.4 Hlgher-Level Nodes tor Wlreless Networks
8.2.5 Connection of Wireless Networks to a Wlred Infrastructure
8.2.6 General Conslderatlons Affectlng Performance of Radlo
Transmlssions
8.3 Specialized Moblle Radio (SMR) Networks
8.3.1 What Is an SMR?
8.3.2 Common Applications and an Example ot SMR Service
8.3.3 Allocated Frequency Band and FCC Regulations for SMR
8.3.4 SMR Llcensing Requirements
8.3.5 Components ot an SMR System
8.3.6 TheSMRIndustryToday
8.3.7 Typical Cost of an SMR System
8.4 Specialty Networks: Paglng and Wlreless Messaglng
8.4.1 Paging Networks
8.4.2 RadioMail
8.4.3 SkyTel Network
8.5 Cellular Networks
8.5.1 Basics of Cellular Transmission
8.5.2 Clrouit-Swltched Cellular for Data
8.5.3 CDPD
8.5.4 Comparison of CDPD and Cirouit-Switched Cellular Data
8.6 Packet Radlo Data Networks
8.6.1 AROIS Packet Radio Network
8.6.2 RAM Mobitex Packet Radio Network
8.7 Enhanced Speciallzed Mobile Radlo (ESMR) Networks
8.7.1 NexTel Network Description
8.7.2 Geotek
8.8 PCS/PCN
8.8.1 Theory Behlnd the PCS Vlsion
8.8.2 Components of a PCS Network
8.8.3 Technologies and Standards Behind PCS
8.8.4 PCS Functions and Mobile Computing Applications
8.8.5 Where Is PCS Now?
8.8.6 Integration with Current CellularTechnology
8.8.7 PCS Cost Considerations
8.8.8 Comparison wlth Other Networks
8.9 Global System for Mobile Communlcations (GSM)
8.10 Satellite-Based Wireless Infrastructure Networks
8.10.1 Satellite Networks:The Universal Wireless Networks
8.10.2 LEO:IRIDIUM
8.10.3 QUALCOMM's Satellite-Based OmniTRACS Network
8.10.4 Other Satellite Systems
8.11 Comparlson of the Features of Wlreless Networks
8.12 Choosing the Right Network for Mobile Applications
8.13 Wireless Network Design Issues
Summary
Chapter 9. The International Wireless Network Scene
About This Chapter
9.1 The Global Nature of Wireless Networks
9.2 Canada: A PCS Country
9.3 Europe'sGSMTechnology
9.3.1 Basic Objectives of GSM
9.3.2 Evolution of GSM Services
9.3.3 Global Scope of the GSM
9.3.4 Frequency Bands and Channels
9.3.5 Components of a GSM Network
9.3.6 Typical Costs of GSM Service
9.3.7 GSH in the United States
9.4 Europe: A GSM Continent
9.4.1 England
9.4.2 Germany
9.4.3 France
9.4.4 Other European Countries
9.5 Japan
9.6 Asia/Africa
9.7 South America
9.8 Mobltex and RAM Moblle Data Network Coverage Around the World
Summary
Chapter 10. Remote Network Access Solutions
for Mobile Computing
AboutThis Chapter
10.1 RNA
10.2 Buslness Users of RNA
10.2.1 RNA Market Size
10.2.2 Rapid but Haphazard Growth
10.3 Remote Network Access Options
10.3.1 Remote Termmal Emulation Mode
10.3.2 Remote Control Mode
10.3.3 Remote Node Mode
10.3.4 General Purpose Remote Access Communications
Server
10.4 Components of RNA
10.5 ISDN as a High-Speed Swltched Dlgltal Link for RNA
10.5.1 WhatlslSDN?
10.5.2 How Does ISDN Work?
10.5.3 ISDN Reference Polnts
10.5.4 ISDN Bandwidth Management Optlons
10.5.5 How Much Ooes ISDN Cost?
10.6 RNA Technology Issues
10.6.1 Performance Optlmization in RNA Configurations
10.7 Understanding the Benefits and Costs of RNA Solutions
10.7.1 Benefits
10.7.2 Typical Costs of an RNA Conflguratlon
10.8 Wireless Network Support In RNA Servers
Summary
Chapter 11. Mobile Computing Communications Server/Switch
About This Chapter
11.1 The Loglcal Architecture of a Mobile Communicatlons
Server/Switch
11.2 Functional Description of a Generallzed MCSS
11.2.1 Communications Services
11.2.2 Protocol Conversion
11.2.3 Gateway into Legacy Systems
11.2.4 Transaction Switehing
11.2.5 Miscellaneous MCSS Speciflcatlons
11.2.6 Capaclty and Distributlon Issues
11.2.7 Physical versus Logical Design: One/Multiple Boxes
11.3 Low- and High-End MCSSs
11.4 Prominent Industry Implementations of MCSS
11.4.1 RNA Vendors' Communications Servers as MCSSs
11.4.2 TEKnique's Speciallzed Wlreless Gateways
11.4.3 Research in Motion's RIMGate Protocol Converter
11.4.4 IBM'sARTour
11.4.5 Motorola Radio/Wireless Controllers
11.4.6 Custom-Developed MCSSs
11.5 Selecting the Best MCSS
Summary
Chapter12. Mobile Computing Software
About This Chapter
12.1 Mobile Computlng Software Architecture Models
12.2 The Overall Software Archltecture of Moblle Computlng
12.3 Client Operating Systems and User Intertaces
12.3.1 Do We Need a New OS for Moblle Devices?
12.4 Client Device Software Drlvers and Network Connectlvity
12.4.1 Early Mobile Connectlvity Software Approach
12.4.2 Emerglng Moblle Connectivity Software Requlrements
12.4.3 New Client Workstation Connectivity Software
Arohitecture
12.4.4 New Client Workstatlon Software Support of Mobile
Application Model
12.4.5 Approaches to Improving Mobile Connectivity Software
Using Windows 95
12.4.6 Packet Radlo Networks Look to Wlndows 95
12.5 Client Workstation APIs
12.5.1 Pen Computing API forWindows: A Step Up from the
Keyboard
12.5.2 Voice Input Software: Provlding Moblle Applicatlons
with a Natural Interface
12.5.3 RIM's RAO 1/O: Easing Mobile Application Development
and Conversion
12.5.4 General Magic's Application Interface: A Revolutionary
New Approach
12.5.5 Other PDA Operating Systems: GEOS and Newtoh
Intelligence
12.6 Middleware's Role in Mobile Computing
12.6.1 What Is Middleware?
12.6.2 What Does Middleware Do?
12.6.3 Basic Principles of Messaging Mlddleware
12.6.4 Role of Middleware in Mobile Computing:
To Use It or Not to Use It?
12.7 Protocol Conversion and Gateways to Legacy Applications
12.8 Emerging Mobile Applicatlon Engines
12.9 Two-Way Messaging Software Protocol for Paging Networks
12.10 Agent-Based Client/Server Software Solutlons
12.10.1 Agent-Based SoftwareTechnology
12.11 The Transport Layer: Mobile TCP/IP
Summary
References
Chapter 13. Mobile Computing Application Development
Tools and Strategies
About This Chapter
13.1 Pen Application DevelopmentTools
13.1.1 PenforWindowswithVB
13.1.2 Pen-Based Application SDKs
13.1.3 PenRightforWindows
13.1.4 Pen for OS/2 SDK
13.1.5 SDKs for PDA Application Development
13.1.6 PDA Enterprise SDK
13.1.7 Development Tools for Handheld Computers
13.2 Network-Specific SDKs
13.2.1 RAD-I/O (or RAM Mobltex Networks
13.2.2 ARDIS's Wlreless SDK
13.2.3 CDPD SDK
13.2.4 Motorola RadioWare Program
13.3 Agent-Based Client/Server Mobile Application Development Engines
13.3.1 Oracle Moblle Agents
13.3.2 Sybase Enterprise Messaglng System (EMS) for Mobile
Computing
13.3.3 IBM's AS/400 Mobile Network Access Engine
13.4 Strategies for Mobile Appllcatlon Development Architectures
13.4.1 What Is Dlfferent About Mobile Applicatlons?
13.4.2 Current State of Mobile Computing Applicatlon
Development
13.4.3 Strategic Applicatlon Development Issues
13.5 Strategies: Making Applications Mobile-Aware
13.5.1 Systems or Infrastructure Design Considerations
13.5.2 Applicatlon Design Considerations
Summary
References
Part 4 Understanding the Vendor Offerings
Chapter 14. Mobile Computing Vendor Product Strategies
AboutThisChapter
14.1 Mobile Computing Vendor Types
14.2 Major Infrastructure Products Vendors
14.2.1 Motorola
14.2.2 Ericsson
14.2.3 Northern Telecom
14.2.4 IBM as a Mobile Computing Vendor
14.3 Network Services Infrastructure Vendors
14.3.1 ARDIS
14.3.2 RAM Mobile Data (RAM)
14.3.3 QUALCOMM
14.3.4 AT&T
14.3.5 The CDPD Vendor Forum
14.3.6 SkyTel
14.3.7 RadioMail
14.4 Full-Service Solutions Suppliers
14.4.1 Telxon
14.4.2 Norand
14.4.3 Psion
14.5 Mobile Computing Component Suppliers
14.5.1 End-User Hardware Suppliers
14.5.2 PC Card (PCMCIA) Adapter Supplier: Xircom
14.5.3 Wireless LAN Suppliers
14.6 Mobile Communications Server/Swltch and Connectivity
Software Suppliers
14.6.1 Wireless MCSS Suppllers
14.6.2 RNAVendors
14.7 Software Suppliers: Mlddleware and Applicatlon Software
14.7.1 Oracle Corporatlon
14.7.2 Sybase
14.8 Application Development Companies
14.9 Mobile Communications and Appllcation Integratlon
Services Vendors
14.9.1 Racotek
14.9.2 Xcellnet
14.10 Mobile Computlng Innovation Vendor: General Magic
14.11 Systems Integratlon Companies
14.12 Mobile Computing Value-Added Resellers (VARs)
Appendlx A Mobile Computing Products and Services
Appendix B Mobile Computing Vendors
Appendix C Mobile Computing Standards
Appendlx D Spectrum Allocation
Appendlx E Mobile Computing Information Resources
Appendix F. Rule-of-Thumb Costs forVarious Mobile
Computing Components
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