伦理学：原理及当代论争 英文版

PREFACE vii
HISTORY OF ETHICS TIME LINE x
PART ONE ETHICAL THEORY
1 Ethics and Ethical Reasoning
Why Study Ethics？
What Is Ethics？
Ethics and Religion
Ethical and Other Types of Evaluation
Ethics and Reasons
Ethical Reasoning and Arguments
Ethical Theory
Types of Ethical Theory
Can Ethics Be Taught？
READINCS
Plato Euthyphro
Plato Meno
Review Exercises
Selected Bibliography
2 Ethical Relativism
What Is Ethical Relativism？
Two Forms of Ethical Relativism
Reasons Supporting Ethical Relativism
Are These Reasons Convincing？
Further ConsideraUons
Moral Realism
Moral Pluralism
READING
Mary Midgley Trying Out One's New Sword
Review Exercises
Selected Bibliography
3 Egoism
Psychological Egoism
Ethical Egoism
The Moral Point of View
Why Be Moral？
READING
Thomas Hobbes Sdf Love
Review Exercises
Selected Bibliography
4 Utilitarianism
Historical Background
The Principle of Utility
Quantity and Quality of Pleasure
Evaluating Utilitarianism
Act and Rule Utilitarianism
"Proof" of the Theory
Contemporary Versions
READING
John Stuart Mill Utiltarianism
Review Exercises
Selected Bibliography
5 Kant's Moral Theory
Historical Background: Immanuel Kant
What Gives an Act Moral Worth？
The Categorical Imperative
Evaluating Kant's Moral Theory
Perfect and Imperfect Duties
Variations on Kantian Moral Theory
BEADING
Immanuel Kant Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals
Review Exercises
Selected Bibliography
6 Naturalism and Virtue Ethics
Virtue Ethics
Natural Law Theory
READINGS
Aristotle The Nicomachean Ethics
John Locke Second Treatise of Civil Government
Review Exercises
Selected Bibliography
7 Feminist Thought and the Ethics of Care
An Ethics of Care
Feminist Thought
Evaluation of Feminist Thought and
the Ethics of Care
BEADINGS
Nel Noddings Caring
Annette Baier The Need for More than Justice
Review Exercises
Selected Bibliography
PART TWO ETHICAL ISSUES
8 Euthanasia
Brain Death
Meaning and Types of Euthanasia
Morality and the Law
Making Moral Judgments About Euthanasia
Infant Euthanasia
BEADiNGS
J. Gay-Williams The Wrongfulness of Euthanasia
James Bachels Active and Passive Euthanasia
Carl B. Becker Buddhist Views of Suicide and Euthanasia
Review Exercises
Selected Bibliography
9 Abortion
Stages of Fetal Development
Methods of Abortion
Abortion and the Law
Abortion: The Moral Question
Arguments That Do Not Depend on the Fetal-Personhood Issue
Arguments That Depend on the FetalPersonhood Issue
BEADINGS
Judith Jarvis Thomson A Defense of Abortion
Sidney Callahan Abort/on and the Sexual
Agenda: A Case for Prolife Feminism
Justices O'Connor, Kennedy, and Sourer Planned Parenthood v. Casey
Review Exercises
Selected Bibliography
10 Sexual Morality and Pornography
Conceptual Problems: What Is and Is Not Sexual
Relevant Factual Matters
Sexual Morality and Ethical Theories
Pornography
Liberty-Limiting Principles
Feminism and Pornography
READINGS
Thomas Nagel Sexual Perversion
Richard D. Mohr Prejudice and Homosexuality
Catharine MacKinnon Pornography, Civil Rights, and Speech
Review Exercises
Selected Bibliography
11 Equality and Discrimination
Civil Rights Laws: A Brief History
Racism and Sexism
The Principle of Equality
Affirmative Action and Preferential Treatment
READINGS
Riehard A. Wasserstrom On Badsm and Sexism: Realities and Ideals
Lisa Newton Reverse Discirmination as Unjustified
Robert K. Fullinwider Affirmative Action and Fairness
Review Exercises
Selected Bibliography
12 Economlcdustlce
Process or End State Distributive Justice
Equal Opportunity
Four Political and Economic Theories
John Rawls's Theory of Justice
International Issues of Economic Justice
READINGS
John Bawls Justice as Fairness
Robert Noziek Distributive Justice
Peter Singer Famine, Affluence, and Morality
Xiaorong Li Human Rights, Development, and "Asian Values" （omitted）
Selected Bibliography
13 Legal Punishment
The Nature of Legal Punishment
The Deterrence Argument
Problematic Aspects
The Retributivist Argument
Problematic Aspects
Punishment and Responsibility
The Death penalty
READINGS
Hugo Adam Bedan A World Without Punishment
Ernest van den Haag The Ultimate Punishment: A Defense
Robert Johnson This Man Has Expired: Witness to an Execution
Review Exercises
Selected Bibliography
14 Environmental Ethics
The Environment
Value
Anthropocentrism
Ecocentrism
Deep Ecology
Ecofeminism
Sustainable Development
READINGS
William F. Baxter People or Penguins: The Case for Optimal Pollution
Holmes Bolston III Humans Valuing the Natural Environment
Bill Devall and George Sessions Deep Ecology
Review Exercises
Selected Bibliography
15 AnlmalRIghts
Sentience
Animal Rights
Animal Experimentation
Endangered Species
READINGS
Peter Singer All Animals Are Equal
Bonnie Steinbock Speciesism and the Idea of Equaltiry
Review Exercises
Selected Bibliography
16 Violence, Terrorism, and War
Violence
Terrorism
Pacifism
Just War Theory
War Crimes and Universal Human Rights
READINGS
B. G. Frey and Christopher W. Morris Violence, Terrorism,and Justice
Michael Walzer Nonvtolence and the Theory of War 49.8
Review Exercises
Selected Bibliography
17 Technology and the Professions
Science
Medicine
Engineering
information Systems and Computer Ethics 441
Business
READINGS
Susan Woff Ethics, Lsgal Ethics, and the Ethics of Law
American Nurses' Association Code for Nurses
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Code. of Ethics for Engineers
Review Exercises
Selected Bibliography
APPENDIX How to Write an Ethics Paper
The Content of the Paper
The Paper's Structure
Types of Ethics Papers
Is It an Ethics Paper？
Structuring or Analyzing an Ethical Argument
Sample Ethics Papers
INDEX