Part I Routing Basics 3
Chapter 1 TCP/IP Review 5
TCP/IP Protocol Layers 5
IP Packet Header 7
IPv4 Addresses 16
First Octet Rule 18
Address Masks 20
Subnets and Subnet Masks 22
Designing Subnets 24
Breaking the Octet Boundary 25
Troubleshooting a Subnet Mask 29
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) 30
Proxy ARP 35
Gratuitous ARP 36
Reverse ARP 36
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) 37
Host-to-Host Layer 41
TCP 41
UDP 44
Looking Ahead 45
Summary Table: Chapter 1 Command Review 45
Recommended Reading 46
Review Questions 46
Configuration Exercises 47
Troubleshooting Exercises 47
Chapter 2 IPv6 Overview 49
IPv6 Addresses 50
Address Representation 50
IPv6 Address Types 52
Global Unicast Addresses 53
Identifying IPv6 Address Types 54
Local Unicast Addresses 55
Anycast Addresses 55
Multicast Addresses 56
Embedded IPv4 Addresses 58
IPv6 Packet Header Format 58
Extension Headers 60
ICMPv6 63
Neighbor Discovery Protocol 64
NDP Messages 65
Router Discovery 70
Address Autoconfiguration 71
Duplicate Address Detection 73
Neighbor Address Resolution 74
Privacy Addresses 75
Neighbor Unreachability Detection 76
Looking Ahead 77
Review Questions 77
Chapter 3 Static Routing 81
Route Table 81
Configuring Static Routes 84
Case Study: Simple IPv4 Static Routes 85
Case Study: Simple IPv6 Static Routes 90
Case Study: Summary Routes 94
Case Study: Alternative Routes 96
Case Study: Floating Static Routes 97
Case Study: IPv6 Floating Static Routes 100
Case Study: Load Sharing 102
Load Sharing and Cisco Express Forwarding 103
Per Destination Load Sharing and Fast Switching 105
Per Packet Load Sharing and Process Switching 105
Which Switching Method Will Be Used? 106
Case Study: Recursive Table Lookups 107
Troubleshooting Static Routes 109
Case Study: Tracing a Failed Route 109
Case Study: A Protocol Conflict 112
Case Study: A Replaced Router 116
Case Study: Tracing An IPv6 Failed Route 120
Looking Ahead 122
Summary Table: Chapter 3 Command Review 123
Review Questions 124
Configuration Exercises 124
Troubleshooting Exercises 126
Chapter 4 Dynamic Routing Protocols 131
Routing Protocol Basics 131
Path Determination 132
Metrics 133
Hop Count 134
Bandwidth 134
Load 135
Delay 135
Reliability 135
Cost 135
Convergence 135
Load Balancing 137
Distance Vector Routing Protocols 137
Common Characteristics 138
Periodic Updates 138
Neighbors 138
Broadcast Updates 138
Full Routing Table Updates 139
Routing by Rumor 139
Route Invalidation Timers 140
Split Horizon 141
Counting to Infinity 143
Triggered Updates 144
Holddown Timers 144
Asynchronous Updates 145
Link State Routing Protocols 146
Neighbors 147
Link State Flooding 147
Sequence Numbers 148
Aging 153
Link State Database 154
SPF Algorithm 156
Areas 160
Interior and Exterior Gateway Protocols 160
Static or Dynamic Routing? 162
Looking Ahead 164
Recommended Reading 164
Review Questions 164
Part II Interior Routing Protocols 167
Chapter 5 Routing Information Protocol (RIP) 169
Operation of RIP 170
RIP Timers and Stability Features 170
RIP Message Format 172
Request Message Types 174
Classful Routing 175
Classful Routing: Directly Connected Subnets 176
Classful Routing: Summarization at Boundary Routers 176
Classful Routing: Summary 178
Configuring RIP 178
Case Study: A Basic RIP Configuration 178
Case Study: Passive Interfaces 181
Case Study: Configuring Unicast Updates 182
Case Study: Discontiguous Subnets 184
Case Study: Manipulating RIP Metrics 187
Case Study: Minimizing the Impact of Updates 190
Troubleshooting RIP 193
Looking Ahead 193
Summary Table: Chapter 5 Command Review 193
Recommended Reading 194
Review Questions 194
Configuration Exercises 194
Troubleshooting Exercises 196
Chapter 6 RIPv2, RIPng, and Classless Routing 201
Operation of RIPv2 201
RIPv2 Message Format 202
Compatibility with RIPv1 205
Classless Route Lookups 205
Classless Routing Protocols 206
Variable-Length Subnet Masking 206
Authentication 210
Operation of RIPng 212
Configuring RIPv2 214
Case Study: A Basic RIPv2 Configuration 215
Case Study: Compatibility with RIPv1 215
Case Study: Using VLSM 218
Case Study: Discontiguous Subnets and Classless Routing 220
Case Study: Authentication 222
Configuring RIPng 224
Case Study: Basic RIPng Configuration 224
Case Study: RIPng Process Customization 232
Case Study: Metric Manipulation 233
Case Study: Route Summarization 235
Troubleshooting RIPv2 and RIPng 236
Case Study: Misconfigured VLSM 236
Looking Ahead 242
Summary Table: Chapter 6 Command Review 242
Recommended Reading 244
Review Questions 244
Configuration Exercises 244
Troubleshooting Exercises 246
Chapter 7 Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) 251
The Roots of EIGRP: An Overview of IGRP 251
Process Domains 252
IGRP Timers and Stability Features 254
IGRP Metrics 255
From IGRP to EIGRP 261
Operation of EIGRP 263
Protocol-Dependent Modules 263
Reliable Transport Protocol 264
Neighbor Discovery/Recovery 265
Diffusing Update Algorithm 266
DUAL: Preliminary Concepts 267
DUAL Finite State Machine 273
Diffusing Computation: Example 1 276
Diffusing Computation: Example 2 280
EIGRP Packet Formats 287
EIGRP Packet Header 288
General TLV Fields 289
IP-Specific TLV Fields 290
Address Aggregation 293
EIGRP and IPv6 297
Configuring EIGRP 297
Case Study: A Basic EIGRP Configuration 297
Case Study: Unequal-Cost Load Balancing 299
Case Study: Setting Maximum Paths 302
Case Study: Multiple EIGRP Processes 305
Case Study: Disabling Automatic Summarization 307
Case Study: Stub Routing 309
Case Study: Address Summarization 315
Authentication 316
Troubleshooting EIGRP 317
Case Study: A Missing Neighbor 318
Stuck-in-Active Neighbors 323
Looking Ahead 328
Summary Table: Chapter 7 Command Review 328
Review Questions 329
Configuration Exercises 330
Troubleshooting Exercises 332
Chapter 8 OSPFv2 335
Operation of OSPF 336
Neighbors and Adjacencies 337
Hello Protocol 338
Network Types 339
Designated Routers and Backup Designated Routers 340
OSPF Interfaces 344
OSPF Neighbors 350
Flooding 363
Areas 367
Router Types 369
Partitioned Areas 371
Virtual Links 373
Link-State Database 374
LSA Types 377
Stub Areas 386
Route Table 389
Destination Types 390
Path Types 391
Route Table Lookups 393
Authentication 393
OSPF over Demand Circuits 393
OSPF Packet Formats 395
Packet Header 396
Hello Packet 398
Database Description Packet 399
Link State Request Packet 400
Link State Update Packet 401
Link State Acknowledgment Packet 402
OSPF LSA Formats 402
LSA Header 403
Router LSA 403
Network LSA 406
Network and ASBR Summary LSAs 407
Autonomous System External LSA 408
NSSA External LSA 409
Options Field 410
Configuring OSPF 411
Case Study: A Basic OSPF Configuration 411
Case Study: Setting Router IDs with Loopback Interfaces 414
Case Study: Domain Name Service Lookups 417
Case Study: OSPF and Secondary Addresses 418
Case Study: Stub Areas 423
Case Study: Totally Stubby Areas 426
Case Study: Not-So-Stubby Areas 428
Case Study: Address Summarization 435
Case Study: Filtering Between Areas 441
Case Study: Authentication 441
Case Study: Virtual Links 444
Case Study: OSPF on NBMA Networks 446
Case Study: OSPF over Demand Circuits 454
Troubleshooting OSPF 455
Case Study: An Isolated Area 460
Case Study: Misconfigured Summarization 463
Looking Ahead 466
Summary Table: Chapter 8 Command Review 466
Recommended Reading 469
Review Questions 469
Configuration Exercises 470
Troubleshooting Exercises 472
Chapter 9 OSPFv3 477
Operation of OSPFv3 477
OSPFv3 Differences from OSPFv2 478
OSPFv3 Messages 479
An Overview of OSPFv3 LSAs 481
OSPFv3 LSA Formats 484
The Router LSA 484
Network LSA 486
Inter-Area Prefix LSA 486
Inter-Area Router LSA 487
AS-External LSA 488
Link LSA 489
Intra-Area Prefix LSA 491
Options Field 493
Configuring OSPFv3 494
Case Study: A Basic OSPFv3 Configuration 494
Case Study: Stub Areas 497
Case Study: Multiple Instances on a Link 499
Case Study: OSPFv3 on NBMA Networks 500
Troubleshooting OSPFv3 506
Case Study: Frame-Relay Mapping 506
Looking Ahead 509
Summary Table: Chapter 9 Command Review 509
Recommended Reading 510
Review Questions 510
Configuration Exercises 511
Chapter 10 Integrated IS-IS 513
Operation of Integrated IS-IS 515
IS-IS Areas 516
Network Entity Titles 519
IS-IS Functional Organization 521
Subnetwork Dependent Functions 521
Subnetwork Independent Functions 526
IS-IS PDU Formats 534
TLV Fields 536
IS-IS Hello PDU Format 539
IS-IS Link State PDU Format 546
IS-IS Sequence Numbers PDU Format 552
Extensions to IS-IS 554
3-Way Handshaking 555
Domain-Wide Prefix Distribution 556
Wide Metrics 558
Routing IPv6 with IS-IS 560
Dynamic Hostname Exchange 562
Multiple Topologies 562
Mesh Groups 566
Flooding Delays 571
Improving SPF Efficiency 573
Configuring Integrated IS-IS 574
Case Study: A Basic IPv4 Integrated IS-IS Configuration 574
Case Study: Changing the Router Types 579
Case Study: An Area Migration 581
Case Study: Route Summarization 585
Case Study: Authentication 587
Case Study: A Basic Integrated IS-IS Configuration for IPv6 591
Case Study: Transition to Multiple Topology Mode 596
Case Study: Route Leaking Between Levels 598
Case Study: Multiple L1 Areas Active on A Router 604
Troubleshooting Integrated IS-IS 606
Troubleshooting IS-IS Adjacencies 607
Troubleshooting the IS-IS Link-State Database 610
Case Study: Integrated IS-IS on NBMA Networks 615
Looking Ahead 619
Summary Table: Chapter 10 Command Review 619
Review Questions 623
Configuration Exercises 624
Troubleshooting Exercises 626
Part III Route Control and Interoperability 629
Chapter 11 Route Redistribution 631
Principles of Redistribution 632
Metrics 633
Administrative Distances 633
Redistributing from Classless to Classful Protocols 639
Configuring Redistribution 642
Case Study: Redistributing IGRP and RIP 645
Case Study: Redistributing EIGRP and OSPF 646
Case Study: Redistribution and Route Summarization 651
Case Study: Redistributing OSPFv3 and RIPng 657
Case Study: Redistributing IS-IS and RIP/RIPng 663
Case Study: Redistributing Static Routes 669
Looking Ahead 672
Summary Table: Chapter 11 Command Review 672
Review Questions 673
Configuration Exercises 673
Troubleshooting Exercises 674
Chapter 12 Default Routes and On-Demand Routing 677
Fundamentals of Default Routes 677
Fundamentals of On-Demand Routing 680
Configuring Default Routes and ODR 681
Case Study: Static Default Routes 682
Case Study: The Default-Network Command 687
Case Study: The Default-Information Originate Command 691
Case Study: Configuring On-Demand Routing 697
Looking Ahead 698
Summary Table: Chapter 12 Command Review 698
Review Questions 699
Chapter 13 Route Filtering 701
Configuring Route Filters 702
Case Study: Filtering Specific Routes 703
Case Study: Route Filtering and Redistribution 708
Case Study: A Protocol Migration 711
Case Study: Multiple Redistribution Points 716
Case Study: Using Administrative Distances to Set Router Preferences 722
Looking Ahead 724
Summary Table: Chapter 13 Command Review 724
Configuration Exercises 724
Troubleshooting Exercises 727
Chapter 14 Route Maps 731
Basic Uses of Route Maps 731
Configuring Route Maps 734
Case Study: Policy Routing 737
Case Study: Policy Routing and Quality of Service Routing 744
Case Study: Route Maps and Redistribution 747
Case Study: Route Tagging 752
Case Study: Filtering Tagged Routes Out of OSPF Route Table 757
Case Study: IPv6 Redistribution with Route Maps 759
Looking Ahead 761
Summary Table: Chapter 14 Command Review 761
Review Questions 763
Configuration Exercises 763
Troubleshooting Exercise 764
Part IV Appendixes 767
Appendix A Tutorial: Working with Binary and Hex 769
Appendix B Tutorial: Access Lists 775
Appendix C CCIE Preparation Tips 803
Appendix D Answers to Review Questions 809
Appendix E Solutions to Configuration Exercises 827
Appendix F Solutions to Troubleshooting Exercises 881
Index 887
鄂公网安备 42010302001612号 