南四湖地区鸟类图鉴

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前言
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南四湖地区环境概述 1
南四湖地区鸟类研究概况 2
1 鸡形目Galliformes 3
1.1 雉科Phasianidae 3
石鸡华北亚种 Chukar Partridge Alectoris chukar pubescens 3
中华鹧鸪指名亚种 Chinese Francolin Francolinus pintadeanus pintadeanus 4
鹌鹑 Japanese Quail Coturnix japonica 4
环颈雉 Common Pheasant Phasianus colchicus 5
华东亚种 P.c.torquatus 5
河北亚种 P.c.karpowi 5
2 雁形目Anseriformes 6
2.1 鸭科Anatidae (Ducks，Geese，Swans) 6
鸿雁 Swan Goose Anser cygnoid 7
豆雁西伯利亚亚种 Bean Goose Anser fabalis middendorffii 8
短嘴豆雁指名亚种 Tundra Bean Goose Anser serrirostris serrirostris 8
灰雁东方亚种 Greylag Goose Anser anser rubrirostris 9
白额雁太平洋亚种 Greater White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons frontalis 9
小白额雁 Lesser White-fronted Goose Anser erythropus 10
斑头雁 Bar-headed Goose Anser indicus 10
疣鼻天鹅 Mute Swan Cygnus olor 11
小天鹅乌苏里亚种 Tundra Swan Cygnus columbianus bewickii 11
大天鹅 Whooper Swan Cygnus cygnus 12
翘鼻麻鸭 Common Shelduck Tadorna tadorna 12
赤麻鸭 Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea 13
鸳鸯 Mandarin Duck Aix galericulata 13
棉凫指名亚种 Asian Pygmy Goose Nettapus coromandelianus coromandelianus 14
赤膀鸭指名亚种 Gadwall Mareca strepera strepera 15
罗纹鸭 Falcated Duck Mareca falcata 15
赤颈鸭 Eurasian Wigeon Mareca penelope 16
绿头鸭指名亚种 Mallard Anas platyrhynchos platyrhynchos 16
斑嘴鸭 Eastern Spot-billed Duck Anas zonorhyncha 17
针尾鸭 Northern Pintail Anas acuta 18
绿翅鸭指名亚种 Green-winged Teal Anas crecca crecca 18
琵嘴鸭 Northern Shoveler Spatula clypeata 19
白眉鸭 Garganey Spatula querquedula 20
花脸鸭 Baikal Teal Sibirionetta formosa 20
赤嘴潜鸭 Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina 21
红头潜鸭 Common Pochard Aythya ferina 21
青头潜鸭 Baer’s Pochard Aythya baeri 22
白眼潜鸭 Ferruginous Duck Aythya nyroca 23
凤头潜鸭 Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula 23
斑背潜鸭太平洋亚种 Greater Scaup Aythya marila nearctica 24
黑海番鸭 Black Scoter Melanitta americana 24
鹊鸭指名亚种 Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula clangula 24
斑头秋沙鸭 Smew Mergellus albellus 25
普通秋沙鸭指名亚种 Common Merganser Mergus merganser merganser 26
红胸秋沙鸭 Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serrator 26
中华秋沙鸭 Scaly-sided Merganser Mergus squamatus 27
3 ????目Podicipediformes 28
3.1 ????科Podicipedidae 28
小????普通亚种 Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis poggei 28
凤头????指名亚种 Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus cristatus 29
角????指名亚种 Horned Grebe Podiceps auritus auritus 29
黑颈????指名亚种 Black-necked Grebe Podiceps nigricollis nigricollis 30
4 红鹳目Phoenicopteriformes 31
4.1 红鹳科Phoenicopteridae (Flamingos) 31
大红鹳指名亚种 Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus roseus 31
5 鸽形目Columbiformes 32
5.1 鸠鸽科Columbidae (Doves，Pigeons) 32
火斑鸠普通亚种 Red Turtle Dove Streptopelia tranquebarica humilis 32
山斑鸠指名亚种 Oriental Turtle Dove Streptopelia orientalis orientalis 32
灰斑鸠指名亚种 Eurasian Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto decaocto 33
珠颈斑鸠指名亚种 Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinensis chinensis 34
6 夜鹰目Caprimulgiformes 35
6.1 夜鹰科Caprimulgidae (Nightjars) 35
普通夜鹰普通亚种 Grey Nightjar Caprimulgus indicus jotaka 35
6.2 雨燕科Apodidae (Swifts) 35
普通雨燕北京亚种 Common Swift Apus apus pekinensis 35
7 鹃形目Cuculiformes 37
7.1 杜鹃科Cuculidae (Cuckoos) 37
小鸦鹃华南亚种 Lesser Coucal Centropus bengalensis lignator 37
小杜鹃 Lesser Cuckoo Cuculus poliocephalus 38
四声杜鹃指名亚种 Indian Cuckoo Cuculus micropterus micropterus 38
中杜鹃指名亚种 Himalayan Cuckoo Cuculus saturatus saturatus 39
大杜鹃华西亚种 Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus bakeri 39
8 鸨形目Otidiformes 41
8.1 鸨科Otididae 41
大鸨普通亚种 Great Bustard Otis tarda dybowskii 41
9 鹤形目Gruiformes 42
9.1 秧鸡科Rallidae 42
普通秧鸡 Brown-cheeked Rail Rallus indicus 42
小田鸡指名亚种 Baillon’s Crake Zapornia pusilla pusilla 43
红胸田鸡普通亚种 Ruddy-breasted Crake Zapornia fusca erythrothrorax 43
斑胁田鸡 Band-bellied Crake Zapornia paykullii 44
白胸苦恶鸟指名亚种 White-breasted Waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus phoenicurus 44
董鸡 Watercock Gallicrex cinerea 45
黑水鸡普通亚种 Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus chloropus 45
白骨顶指名亚种 Common Coot Fulica atra atra 46
9.2 鹤科Gruidae (Cranes) 47
白鹤 Siberian Crane Grus leucogeranus 47
白枕鹤 White-naped Crane Grus vipio 48
灰鹤普通亚种 Common Crane Grus grus lilfordi 48
白头鹤 Hooded Crane Grus monacha 49
10 鸻形目Charadriiformes 50
10.1 反嘴鹬科Recurvirostridae 50
黑翅长脚鹬指名亚种 Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus himantopus 50
反嘴鹬 Pied Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta 51
10.2 鸻科Charadriidae 51
凤头麦鸡 Northern Lapwing Vanellus vanellus 52
灰头麦鸡 Grey-headed Lapwing Vanellus cinereus 52
金鸻 Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis fulva 53
长嘴剑鸻 Long-billed Plover Charadrius placidus 53
金眶鸻普通亚种 Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius curonicus 54
环颈鸻东亚亚种 Kentish Plover Charadrius alexandrinus dealbatus 55
东方鸻 Oriental Plover Charadrius veredus 55
10.3 彩鹬科Rostratulidae 56
彩鹬指名亚种 Greater Painted Snipe Rostratula benghalensis benghalensis 56
10.4 水雉科 Jacanidae (Jacanas) 56
水雉 Pheasant-tailed Jacana Hydrophasianus chirurgus 56
10.5 鹬科Scolopacidae (Snipes，Sandpipers，
Phalaropes) 57
丘鹬 Eura