无为之为：幼儿园自主游戏的探索

序......................................................................................................应彩云 001
绪  言..............................................................................................李  洁 001
第一章 幼儿园自主游戏的概述..................................................李  洁 005
第一节 幼儿园自主游戏的定义和内涵特征 .....................................006
一、是由幼儿内在动机促发的活动 .............................................007
二、是幼儿自主的活动 .................................................................007
三、是表现幼儿已有经验的活动 .................................................008
四、是一种虚构的活动 .................................................................009
五、是一种潜藏规则的活动 .........................................................009
六、是一种过程重于结果的活动 .................................................010
七、是幼儿体验积极情感的活动 .................................................011
第二节 幼儿园自主游戏与幼儿学习、发展的关系 .........................012
一、幼儿园自主游戏和幼儿学习的关系 .....................................012
（一）在自主游戏中产生主动的学习 ...........................................013
（二）自主游戏促使幼儿进行深度的学习 ...................................013
（三）自主游戏中的学习具有长远效应 .......................................013
二、幼儿园自主游戏和幼儿发展的关系 .....................................014
（一）自主游戏能反映幼儿的发展 ...............................................015
（二）自主游戏能巩固幼儿的发展 ...............................................015
（三）自主游戏能促进幼儿的发展 ...............................................015
第三节 幼儿园自主游戏实践中存在的问题 .....................................016
一、知行不一 .................................................................................016
（一）对自主游戏的发展价值认同度不高 ...................................016
（二）对自主游戏的自由精神执行力不强 ...................................017
二、力所不及 .................................................................................017
（一）观察内容不够明确 ...............................................................018
（二）解读视角不够精准 ...............................................................018
（三）支持策略不够多元 ...............................................................019
第二章 幼儿园自主游戏的观察和解读......................................李  洁 021
第一节 观察和解读的目的 .................................................................022
一、为以学定教找到依据 .............................................................022
二、为因人施教找到方向 .............................................................022
第二节 观察和解读的现实困境 .........................................................023
一、观察中存在的问题 .................................................................023
（一）模糊不清：不知道观察什么 ...............................................023
（二）顾此失彼：不能实现全面观察 ...........................................024
（三）浅尝辄止：不能持续、深入地观察 ...................................024
（四）一知半解：观察方法、视角单一 .......................................024
二、解读中存在的问题 .................................................................025
（一）主观臆断：经验主义 ...........................................................025
（二）以偏概全：片面观点 ...........................................................025
三、记录中存在的问题 .................................................................025
第三节 观察和解读的策略 .................................................................026
一、改进观察的方法 .....................................................................026
（一）全面观察、定点观察、随机观察相结合 ...........................026
以观察材料为主 .............................................................................028
逍遥自在的“毛毛虫”...........................................................028
越玩越嗨的“建筑工地”.......................................................030
多变的圆筒..............................................................................035 
来了两只“小企鹅”................................................................037
从一成不变到千变万化..........................................................039
以观察区域为主 .............................................................................045
“毛毛虫”找妈妈....................................................................045
“一只耳”归案........................................................................047
别样自主游戏之“游乐场”....................................................050
“上仙们”的生活....................................................................056
“喜鹊女子乐坊”.....................................................................059
以观察幼儿为主 .............................................................................062
臭美的“老板”.......................................................................062
一鸣的爱和恨..........................................................................064
欢迎到“奕欧来”看“烟花”................................................068
“锅铲”风波............................................................................071
我带你去“西天取经”..........................................................073
“自由朋友像”........................................................................076
从“偷”小菜开始的..............................................................080
“奶茶三兄弟”......................................................................083
（二）单次观察、连续观察相结合 ...............................................085
单次观察 .........................................................................................086
一丝不苟背后的欢喜和担忧..................................................086
自娱自乐的“滑雪场老板”...................................................088
从两个筐筐开始的故事..........................................................090
连续观察 .........................................................................................096
从“音乐家”开始..................................................................096
“动物乐园”的潮起潮落........................................................102
不再孤单的“功夫熊猫”......................................................108
二、借助于评价的工具 .................................................................111
（一）借助于《游戏活动（3—6 岁）》进行评价 ......................111
“宝塔”镇“虫妖”.............................................................112
“幽灵”来了............................................................................115无为之为
“骨折”................................................................................120
“小企鹅”“晕”倒了...............................................................123
（二）借助于《上海市幼儿园办园质量评价指南》进行评价........131
我要在草地上“开飞机”........................................................132
我的“大炮”，你不要滑下去！............................................134
（三）借助于其他评价工具进行评价 ...........................................136
会工作、会生活的“特种兵”.........................................137
一波三折的“蟑螂事件”........................................................142
三、明确记录的方式 .....................................................................149
（一）要点记录 ...............................................................................149
（二）逸事记录 ...............................................................................149
（三）“画语”记录 .........................................................................150
第三章 幼儿园自主游戏的材料支持..........................................李  洁 155
第一节 材料的分类 .............................................................................156
一、已有的分类 .............................................................................156
二、创新的分类 .............................................................................156
（一）班级现成的材料 ...................................................................157
（二）师幼收集的材料 ...................................................................157
第二节 “材料区”的创建 ...................................................................158
一、取个名字 .................................................................................158
二、选好地方 .................................................................................158
三、思考设计 .................................................................................158
（一）呈现区域 ...............................................................................158
（二）规划数量 ...............................................................................159
四、保证更新 .................................................................................159
第三节 材料和游戏的相互推进 .........................................................159
一、材料可以激发游戏动机和联想 .............................................160
关注材料主要特征 .........................................................................161
哎呀，你受伤了！..................................................................161
“龙虾店”的新发明................................................................163 
小小“建筑工人”在行动......................................................165
发现材料安全隐患 .........................................................................168
危险的渔网..............................................................................168
“海盗”的逆袭........................................................................170
“棒棒”很棒............................................................................172
打破材料一贯用法 .........................................................................175
桌子“变身”...........................................................................175
“救生艇”................................................................................177
“电线”变成“封锁线”........................................................179
实现材料跨类组合 .........................................................................182
搭“山”喽..............................................................................182
“忍者”的“武器”................................................................185
“西游记”................................................................................188
二、游戏能够促进材料的收集和扩充 .........................................191
显现教师支持策略 .........................................................................192
“射箭”和“骑马”.................................................................192
小朋友大朋友一起玩起来......................................................194
“戒指店”终于开张了............................................................196
发挥家长资源优势 .........................................................................199
“海盗”......................................................................................199
“黑猫警长”变身记................................................................203
“尧总”的滑雪场....................................................................205
第四节 幼儿园常用材料推荐 .............................................................208
一、第十名：PVC 管子.................................................................208
二、第九名：一次性杯子 .............................................................208
三、第八名：绳子 .........................................................................209
四、第七名：呼啦圈 .....................................................................210
五、第六名：钻筒 .........................................................................210
六、第五名：纸箱圈 .....................................................................211
七、第四名：圆筒 .........................................................................211无为之为
八、第三名：纱巾 .........................................................................212
九、第二名：夹子 .........................................................................213
十、第一名：桌椅 .........................................................................213
第四章 幼儿园自主游戏后的交流分享......................................李  洁 215
第一节 交流分享的误区 .....................................................................216
一、传统单一的分享形式 .............................................................216
二、有备而来的重点话题 .............................................................216
三、老生常谈的三个问题 .............................................................217
四、明确指向的分享结果 .............................................................217
第二节 交流分享的内容和方式 .........................................................218
一、交流分享的内容 .....................................................................218
（一）聚焦快乐和创意 ...................................................................218
不同的赞美..............................................................................219
待我长纱及地时……..............................................................221
穿越“封锁线”.......................................................................224
挑战和奖励..............................................................................228
（二）建构经验和规则 ...................................................................231
“奥特曼”大战“怪兽”.........................................................232
一次惊心动魄却有些遗憾的想象..........................................234
抽奖..........................................................................................236
“饮水机”的诞生....................................................................238
“地铁”开进“喜鹊班”.........................................................241
（三）解决问题和冲突 ...................................................................245
“警察”的“枪”竟被撕了....................................................246
桌子上的椅子..........................................................................249
“老大”.....................................................................................252
“滑雪比赛”.............................................................................254
地铁上的危险..........................................................................257
（四）拓展思维和角度 ...................................................................260
“警察”的“人脸识别扫描仪”..............................................261 
这是我的经历..........................................................................264
换一个角度看无所事事..........................................................267
从“雪山”到“矿山”..........................................................270
财富是什么..............................................................................273
（五）关注个性和成长 ...................................................................276
“杂技演员”..............................................................................277
“潜水店”的兜兜....................................................................280
“亦白画室”............................................................................283
打造自己的品牌......................................................................286
依诺分享会..............................................................................289
二、交流分享的方式 .....................................................................292
（一）按分享形式分类 ...................................................................292
（二）按参加人数分类 ...................................................................292
（三）按场地位置分类 ...................................................................293
“打仗”啦................................................................................294
“足底按摩”.............................................................................297
“画语”分享............................................................................300
“奥运冠军”颁奖仪式............................................................303
边参观边分享..........................................................................306
越造越美的“家”...................................................................309
第三节 交流分享的展望 .....................................................................312
一、闲聊——一种无为的状态.....................................................312
二、浅遇——一场关注点的盛宴.................................................312
三、深藏——一种有取舍的判断.................................................312
四、撞见——一场思维的碰撞.....................................................313
第五章 幼儿园自主游戏的探讨..........................................李洁工作室 315
第一节 双人视角 .................................................................................316
一、能看到却解读不深入 .............................................................316
二、愿放手却介入太频繁 .............................................................316
三、能分享却支持欠多元 .............................................................317无为之为
“抢夺小药箱”风波................................................................318
我想做“爸爸”.......................................................................320
学做“爸爸”...........................................................................322
“顽皮大王”的“电影院”开张了........................................324
没有“顾客”的“烧烤店”..................................................326
“消防员”的坚强后盾............................................................328
棒子的变身之旅......................................................................330
盲盒..........................................................................................332
最完美的“警车”...................................................................334
神气的“新闻主播”................................................................336
教室里的东西都有用..............................................................338
由“划船”开始的变化..........................................................340
扫码付款..................................................................................342
“宇宙飞船”............................................................................344
从“快递小哥”到“外卖小哥”..........................................346
“小飞机”飞起来了................................................................349
指挥才是“老大”...................................................................351
第二节 多人教研 .................................................................................353
一、案例：来了一只小蚱蜢 .........................................................353
二、教研：由“来了一只小蚱蜢”触发的看、思、启 .............353
第三节 主题访谈 .................................................................................357
一、什么是“哇”时刻？ .............................................................357
（一）创意的伴生内容 ...................................................................357
（二）闪光的个性品质 ...................................................................359
二、哪些“哇”时刻可以延伸为幼儿的深度学习？ .................360
（一）有生活经验 ...........................................................................360
（二）有心理需求 ...........................................................................360
（三）有社会价值 ...........................................................................361
（四）有互动空间 ...........................................................................361
三、如何根据幼儿在游戏中的“哇”时刻依学而教？ .............362 
（一）在交流分享中探讨 ...............................................................362
（二）在一日活动中助推 ...............................................................364
（三）在家园共育中延伸 ...............................................................365
四、怎样引领幼儿进行游戏评价？ .............................................366
（一）横向评价 ...............................................................................366
（二）纵向评价 ...............................................................................366
第四节 解答问题 .................................................................................367
如何组织新小班孩子玩自主游戏？......................................368
孩子的游戏出现“不健康的内容”怎么办？......................371
新主题稍纵即逝怎么办？......................................................373
是游戏还是个别化学习？......................................................375
在游戏中，什么情况需要教师介入？..................................378
游戏分享，如何让话题聊起来？..........................................381
如何评价一次游戏分享的质量？..........................................384