海啸百问

1 海啸常识
什么是海啸·············································································2
海啸是怎么产生的····································································3
海啸是怎么分类的····································································4
海啸经常发生吗·······································································5
海啸如何传播··········································································5
海啸有多大·············································································7
海啸会造成什么样的灾害 ··························································8
历史上有哪些大海啸事件 ··························································9
所有大型海底地震都会产生海啸吗 ············································13
海啸的持续时间有多长 ···························································13
海啸到达时间能够准确预测吗 ··················································14
海啸与一般海浪有何不同 ························································15
海啸能够预报吗·····································································16
所有大洋都有海啸发生吗 ························································17
全球海啸是如何分布的 ···························································18
2 地震海啸源
地球内部是如何分层的 ···························································20
板块是如何运动的··································································21
目 录
目 录 1
地震成因是什么·····································································22
全球地震带有哪些··································································23
地震基本参数有哪些·······························································24
断层有哪些分类·····································································25
什么类型的地震能够引发海啸 ··················································26
地震震级标度有哪些·······························································27
地震矩是如何定义的·······························································29
震源机制解···········································································30
地震波动有哪些·····································································31
地震体波··············································································32
地震面波··············································································33
地震的主要监测手段有哪些 ·····················································34
地震台站的作用是什么 ···························································34
3 海啸监测
（一）海啸监测参数 ······························································36
海啸怎么监测········································································36
平均海平面如何定义·······························································37
什么是海啸波周期··································································38
什么是海啸波速·····································································39
什么是海啸波长·····································································39
什么是海啸波幅·····································································40
什么是海啸波峰、波谷 ···························································41
什么是海啸传播时间·······························································41
2 海啸百问
（二）海啸现象及监测手段 ····················································42
浮标如何监测海啸··································································42
海底观测网···········································································43
什么是沿海水位站··································································44
什么是全球海平面观测系统（GLOSS） ·······································45
地磁异常如何监测海啸 ···························································46
什么是海啸爬高·····································································46
什么是海啸共振·····································································47
什么是海啸频散·····································································47
什么是海啸涌波·····································································48
（三）我国海啸监测能力 ·······················································49
我国海底地震是如何监测的 ·····················································49
我国是如何监测海啸的 ···························································51
数据共享在海啸预警中的作用 ··················································52
4 海啸预警
（一）海啸预警系统 ······························································54
什么是海啸预警系统·······························································54
海啸预警产品的分类·······························································54
什么是海啸警报·····································································55
海啸警报样例········································································56
什么是海啸信息·····································································57
海啸预警流程是什么·······························································57
目 录 3
海啸预警信息的发布速度有多快 ···············································59
海啸发布手段有哪些·······························································60
（二）全球海啸预警 ······························································61
全球及区域海啸预警系统 ························································61
太平洋海啸预警系统·······························································61
国家级海啸预警中心·······························································62
海啸预警中，政府间协调组（ICG）的作用是什么 ························62
ITIC组织在海啸预警中的作用 ··················································63
UNESCO/IOC在全球海啸预警中的作用是什么 ·····························63
（三）我国海啸预警 ······························································64
我国海啸预警中心的发展历史 ··················································64
海啸预警决策系统··································································65
南中国海区域海啸预警中心建设 ···············································66
海啸信息获取途径有哪些 ························································67
5 海啸研究
（一）海啸数值计算 ······························································70
海啸预警研究技术有哪些 ························································70
海啸波计算的理论基础是什么 ··················································70
海啸数值计算是如何进行的 ·····················································71
数值计算中海啸是如何生成的 ··················································72
海啸数值计算的三种常用方程是什么 ·········································73
网格嵌套是什么意思·······························································75
4 海啸百问
海啸数值计算的时效性如何保证 ···············································75
传播时间（TTT）····································································76
（二）其他海啸预警技术 ·······················································77
海啸预警情景数据库技术 ························································77
海啸单位源数据库··································································78
海啸浮标反演方法··································································79
6 海啸减灾
（一）海啸减灾宣传 ······························································82
世界海啸日···········································································82
海啸灾害公报········································································83
海啸演习的作用是什么 ···························································84
海啸到来前，自然的警告有哪些 ···············································85
如果收到海啸警报，该怎么办 ··················································86
如果需要撤离，该随身带上什么东西 ·········································87
如果发生远距离海啸，该怎么办 ···············································88
如果发生局地海啸，该怎么办 ··················································88
海啸发生期间，如果正在船上，该怎么办 ···································89
（二）海啸风险评估及疏散 ····················································90
什么是海啸风险评估·······························································90
什么是海啸危险评估·······························································91
我国沿海的海啸风险等级是怎么分布的 ······································92
什么是海啸脆弱性··································································93
目 录 5
海啸危险与风险之间的关系 ·····················································94
概率性海啸危险评估·······························································94
海啸淹没是如何计算的 ···························································95
什么是海啸疏散预案·······························································96
避灾点是如何定义的·······························································97
海啸致灾作用力有哪些 ···························································97
疏散图是如何制作的·······························································98
避灾点选取原则有哪些 ···························································99
水平疏散是什么····································································100
立体疏散是什么····································································100
海啸灾后调查是如何开展的 ····················································101
参考资料 ·········································································102
6 海