普通语言学教程

Contents

Translator's Introduction
Preface to the First Edition
Preface to the Second Edition
Preface to the Third Edition

INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER I. A brief survey of the history of linguistics
CHAPTER II. Data and aims of linguistics: connexions with
related sciences
CHAPTER III. The object of study
CHAPTER IV. Linguistics of language structure and linguistics of speech
CHAPTER V. Internal and external elements of a language
CHAPTER VI. Representation of a language by writing
CHAPTER VII. Physiological phonetics

APPENDIX
PRINCIPLES OF PHYSIOLOGICAL PHONETICS
CHAPTER I. Sound types
CHAPTER II. Sounds in spoken sequences
Editorial note

PART ONE
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
CHAPTER I. Nature of the linguistic sign
CHAPTER II. Invariability and variability of the sign
CHAPTER III. Static linguistics and evolutionary linguistics

PART TWO
SYNCHRONIC LINGUISTICS
CHAPTER I. General observations
CHAPTER II. Concrete entities of a language
CHAPTER III. Identities, realities, values
CHAPTER IV. Linguistic value
CHAPTER V. Syntagmatic relations and associative relations
CHAPTER VI. The language mechanism
CHAPTER VII. Grammar and its subdivisions
CHAPTER VIII. Abstract entities in grammar

PART THREE
DIACHRONIC LINGUISTICS
CHAPTER I. General observations
CHAPTER II. Sound changes
CHAPTER III. Grammatical consequences of phonetic evolution
CHAPTER IV. Analogy
CHAPTER V. Analogy and evolution
CHAPTER VI. Popular etymology
CHAPTER VII. Agglutination
CHAPTER VIII. Diachronic units, identities and realities

APPENDICES TO PARTS TWO AND THREE
A.Subjective and objective analysis
B.Subjective analysis and determination of units smaller than
the word
C.Etymology

PART FOUR
GEOGRAPHICAL LINGUISTICS
CHAPTER I. On the diversity of languages
CHAPTER II. Geographical diversity: its complexity
CHAPTER III. Causes of geographical diversity
CHAPTER IV. Propagation of linguistic waves

PART FIVE
QUESTIONS OF RETROSPECTIVE LINGUISTICS
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER I. The two perspectives of diachronic linguistics
CHAPTER II. Earliest languages and prototypes
CHAPTER III. Reconstructions
CHAPTER IV. Linguistic evidence in anthropology and prehistory

INDEX