Preface
*Chapter1 Introduction 1
*Introduction 2
*What Does Carrier Grade Mean? 2
*What Does VolP Mean? 3
*A Little About IP 4
*Why VolP? 5
·Why Carry Voice? 5
·Why Use IP for Voice? 6
·Lower Equipment Cost 7
·Voice/Data Integration and Advanced Services 9
·Lower Bandwidth Requirements 12
·The Widespread Availability of IP 13
*The VolP Market 14
*VolP Challenges 15
·Speech Quality 16
·Network Reliability and Scalability 19
·Managing Access and Prioritizing Traffic 20
*VolP Implementations 20
·IP-Based PBX Solutions 21
·IP Voice Mail 22
·Hosted PBX Solutions 22
·IP Call Centers 23
·IP User Devices 24
*Overview of Following Chapters 24
Chapter2 Transporting Voice by Using IP 29
*Introduction 30
*Overview of the IP Protocol Suite 31
*Internet Standards and the Standards Process 34
·The Internet Society 34
·The Internet Architecture Board(IAB) 35
·The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) 35
·The Internet Engineering Steering Group(IESG) 36
·The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority(IANA) 36
·The Internet Standards Process 36
*IP 38
·The IP Header 38
·IP Routing 39
*The Transmission Control Protocol(TCP) 44
·The TCP Header 45
·TCP Connections 47
*The User Datagram Protocol(UDP) 49
·Voice over UDP, not TCP 51
*The Real-Time Transport Protocol(RTP) 52
·RTP Payload Formats 53
·The RTP Header 57
·Mixers and Translators 61
*The RTP Control Protocol(RTCP) 62
·RTCP Sender Report(SR) 64
·RTCP Receiver Report(RR) 67
·RTCP Source Description Packet(SDES) 67
·RTCP BYE Packet 68
·Application-Defined RTCP Packet 69
·Calculating Round-Trip Time 70
·Calculating Jitter 70
·Timing of RTCP Packets 71
*IP Multicast 72
*IP Version 6 74
·IP Version 6 Header 74
·IP Version 6 Addresses 75
·IP Version 6 Header Extensions 78
·Interoperating IP Version 4 and IP Version6 81
*Other Supporting Functions and Protocols 82
·IP Security 83
·Domain Name Service (DNS) 84
·Path MTU Discovery 85
Chapter3 Speech-Coding Techniques 87
*Introduction 88
*Voice Quality 89
*A Little Abort Speech 90
*Voice Sampling 93
·Quantization 94
·Types of Speech Coders 96
*G.711 97
*Adaptive DPCM(ADPCM) 98
*Analysis-by-Synthesis(ABS) Codecs 98
·G.728 LD-CELP 99
·G.723.1 ACELP 101
·G.729 103
*Selecting Codecs 105
*Cascaded Codecs 106
*Tones,Signals,and DTMF Digits 107
Chapter4 H.323 111
*Introduction 112
*The H.323 Architecture 113
*Overview of H.323 Signaling 115
·Overview of H.323 Protocols 117
·H.323 Addressing 119
·Codecs 120
*RAS Signaling 120
·Gatekeeper Discovery 122
·Endpoint Registration and Registration Cancellation 125
·Endpoint Location 127
·Admission 128
·Bandwidth Change 130
·Status 132
·Disengage 133
·Resource Availability 134
·Request in Progress 134
*Call Signaling 134
·Setup 137
·Call Proceeding 137
·Alerting 138
·Progress 138
·Connect 138
·Release Complete 138
·Facility 139
·Interaction Between Call Signaling and H.245 Control Signaling 139
*Call Scenarios 140
·Basic Call Without Gatekeepers 140
·A Basic Call With Gatekeepers and Direct-Endpoint Call Signaling 141
·A Basic Call With Gatekeeper/Direct-Routed Call Signaling 142
·A Basic Call With Gatekeeper-Routed Call Signaling 144
·Optional Called-Endpoint Signaling 146
*H.245 Control Signaling 148
·H.245 Message Groupings 148
·The Concept of Logical Channels 149
·H.245 Procedures 149
·Fast-Connect Procedure 155
·H.245 Message Encapsulation 158
*Conference Calls 160
·A Pre-Arranged Conference 160
·An Ad-Hoc Conference 160
Chapter5 The Session Initiation Protocol(SIP) 163
*Introduction 164
*The Popularity of SIP 164
*SIP Architecture 165
·SIP Network Entities 166
·SIP Call Establishment 168
·SIP Advantages over Other Signaling Protocols 169
*Overview of SIP Messaging Syntax 170
·SIP Requests 172
·SIP Responses 173
·SIP Addressing 176
·SIP Addressing 177
·Message Headers 177
*Examples off SIP Message Sequences 184
·Registration 184
·Invitation 186
·Termination of a Call 188
*Redirect and Proxy Servers 188
·Redirect Servers 189
·Proxy Servers 191
*The Session Description Protocol(SDP) 195
·The Structure of SDP 195
·SDP Syntax 197
*Usage of SDP With SIP 203
·Negotiation of Media 204
*Usage of SIP for Features and Services 206
·Call Forwarding 208
·Consultation Hold 209
*Sip Extensions and Enhancements 211
·The SIP 183 Session-Progress Message 212
·The SIP INFO Method 213
·The SIP-Supported Header 214
·Reliability of Provisional Responses 216
·Integration of SIP Signaling and Resource Management 218
*Interworking 223
·PSTN Interworking 224
·Interworking With H.323 227
*Summary 231
Chapter6 Media Gateway Control and the Softswitch Architecture 233
*Introduction 234
*Separation of Media and Call Control 234
*Softswitch Architecture 236
*Requirements for Media Gateway Control 238
*Protocols for Media Gateway Control 239
*MGCP 240
·The MGCP Model 241
·MGCP Endpoints 241
·MGCP Calls and Connections 243
·Overview of MGCP Commands 244
·Overview of MGCP Responses 249
·Command and Response Details 251
·Call Setup Using MGCP 257
·Call Setup Based on Detected Events 260
·MGCP Events,Signals,and Packages 263
·Internetworking between MGCP and SIP 264
·MGCP Call Release 266
*MEGACO/H.248 267
·MEGACO Architecture 267
·Overview of MEGACO Commands 272
·Descriptors 274
·Packages 283
·MEGACO Command and Response Details 284
·Call Setup Using MEGACO 290
·MEGACO Call Setup Based on Detected Events 295
·Interworking between MEGACO and SIP 301
Chapter7 VolP and SS7 303
*Introduction 304
*The SS7 Protocol Suite 306
·The Message Transfer Part 306
·ISUP and SCCP 307
*SS7 Network Architecture 308
·Signaling Points 310
·Signal Transfer Point 310
·Service Control Point(SCP) 311
·Message Signal Units(MSUs) 312
·SS7 Addressing 313
*The ISDN User Part(ISUP) 314
*Performance Requirements for SS7 316
*Sigtran 318
·Sigtran Architecture 320
·SCTP 325
·M3UA Operation 337
·M2UA Operation 345
*Interworking SS7 and VolP Architectures 347
·Interworking Softswitch and SS7 347
·Interworking H.323 and SS7 352
Chapter8 Quality of Service 355
*Introduction 356
*The Need for QOS 356
·End-to-End QOS 358
·It's Not Just the Network 359
*Overview of QOS Solutions 360
·More Bandwidth 360
·QOS Protocols and Architectures 361
·QOS Policies 365
*The Resource-Reservation Protocol(RSVP) 365
·RSVP Syntax 366
·Establishing Reservations 367
·Reservation Errors 378
·Guaranteed Service 378
·Controlled-Load Service 379
·Removing Reservations and the Use of Soft State 380
*DiffServ 381
·DiffServ Architecture 382
·The Need for Service-Level Agreements(SLAs) 383
·Per-Hop Behaviors(PHBs) 387
*MPLS Architecture 388
·FECs and Labels 390
·Actions at LSRs 392
·Label-Switched Paths 394
·MPLS Traffic Engineering 394
*Combining QOS Solutions 401
*Further Information 401
Chapter9 Accessing the Network 403
*Introduction 404
*Modems 404
*ISDN 406
·BRI 407
·Primary Rate Interface(PRI) 409
·The Future of ISDN 409
*Digital Subscriber Line(DSL) 410
·DSL Variants 411
·The ADSL Architecture 415
·DSL Modulation 418
·DSL Challenges 419
*Using the Cable TV Infrastructure 421
·Hybrid-Fiber Coax 421
·Data Transmission over the HFC Network 422
·The Packet Cable Architecture 423
*Fixed Wireless Access 425
·LMDS 425
*Mobile Services 427
·The Evolution to 3G for GSM 428
·The Evolution to 3G for IS-136 TDMA 431
·The Evolution to 3G for IS-95 CDMA 432
Chapter10 Fax over IP(FolP) 433
*Introduction 434
*Today's Fax Service 434
·T.4 and T.30 434
*Real-Time Fax 438
·Sending Fax Messages over IP 440
·Fax and H.323 445
·TCP or UDP 446
·Fax and SIP,SDP,and RTP 447
*E-Mail-Based Fax 448
*References 451
*Glossary 459
*Index 467
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