ForewordbyPhyllisFranklin
CHAPTER1:ResearchandWriting
1.1.TheResearchPaperasaFormofExploration
1.2.TheResearchPaperasaFormofWriting
1.3.SelectingaTopic
1.4.ConductingResearch
1.4.1.TheModernAcademicLibrary
1.4.2.TheCentralInformationSystem
1.4.3.ReferenceWorks
1.4.4.TheOnlineCatalogofLibraryHoldings
1.4.5.OtherLibraryResourcesandServices
1.4.6.InternetSources
1.5.CompilingaWorkingBibliography
1.6.EvaluatingSources
1.6.1.AuthorshipandAuthority
1.6.2.AccuracyandVerifiability
1.6.3.Currency
1.7.TakingNotes
1.8.Plagiarism
1.9.Outlining
1.9.1.WorkingOutline
1.9.2.ThesisStatement
1.9.3.FinalOutline
1.10.WritingDrafts
1.11.LanguageandStyle
1.12.GuidestoWriting
CHAPTER2:TheMechanicsofWriting
2.1.Spelling
2.1.1.Consistency
2.1.2.WordDivision
2.1.3.Plurals50
2.1.4.ForeignWords
2.2.Punctuation
2.2.1.ThePurposeofPunctuation
2.2.2.Commas
2.2.3.Semicolons
2.2.4.Colons
2.2.5.DashesandParentheses
2.2.6.Hyphens
2.2.7.Apostrophes
2.2.8.QuotationMarks
2.2.9.SquareBrackets
2.2.10.Slashes
2.2.11.Periods,QuestionMarks,andExclamationPoints
2.3.Italics(Underlining)
2.3.1.WordsandLettersReferredtoasWordsandLetters
2.3.2.ForeignWordsinanEnglishText
2.3.3.Emphasis
2.4.NamesofPersons
2.4.1.FirstandSubsequentUsesofNames
2.4.2.TitlesofPersons
2.4.3.NamesofAuthorsandFictionalCharacters
2.5.Numbers
2.5.1.ArabicNumerals
2.5.2.UseofWordsorNumerals
2.5.3.CommasinNumbers
2.5.4.PercentagesandAmountsofMoney
2.5.5.DatesandTimesoftheDay
2.5.6.InclusiveNumbers
2.5.7.RomanNumerals
2.6.TitlesofWorksintheResearchPaper
2.6.1.CapitalizationandPunctuation
2.6.2.UnderlinedTitles
2.6.3.TitlesinQuotationMarks
2.6.4.TitlesandQuotationswithinTitles
2.6.5.Exceptions
2.6.6.ShortenedTitles
2.7.Quotations
2.7.1.UseandAccuracyofQuotations
2.7.2.Prose
2.7.3.Poetry
2.7.4.Drama
2.7.5.Ellipsis
2.7.6.OtherAlterationsofSources
2.7.7.PunctuationwithQuotations
2.7.8.TranslationsofQuotations
2.8.CapitalizationandPersonalNamesinLanguages
OtherThanEnglish
2.8.1.French
2.8.2.German
2.8.3.Italian
2.8.4.Spanish
2.8.5.Latin
CHAPTER3:TheFormatoftheResearchPaper
3.1.PrintingorTyping
3.2.Paper
3.3.Margins
3.4.Spacing
3.5.HeadingandTitle
3.6.PageNumbers
3.7.TablesandIllustrations
3.8.CorrectionsandInsertions
3.9.Binding
3.10.ElectronicSubmission
CHAPTER4:Documentation:PreparingtheListofWorksCited
4.1.DocumentingSources
4.2.MLAStyle
4.3.TheListofWorksCitedandOtherSourceLists
4.4.PlacementoftheListofWorksCited
4.5.ArrangementofEntries
4.6.CitingBooksandOtherNonperiodical
Publications
4.6.1.TheBasicEntry:ABookbyaSingleAuthor
4.6.2.AnAnthologyoraCompilation
4.6.3.TwoorMoreBooksbytheSameAuthor
4.6.4.ABookbyTwoorMoreAuthors
4.6.5.TwoorMoreBooksbytheSameAuthors
4.6.6.ABookbyaCorporateAuthor
4.6.7.AWorkinanAnthology
4.6.8.AnArticleinaReferenceBook
4.6.9.AnIntroduction,aPreface,aForeword,oranAfterword
4.6.10.Cross-References
4.6.11.AnAnonymousBook
4.6.12.AnEdition
4.6.13.ATranslation
4.6.14.ABookPublishedinaSecondorSubsequentEdition
4.6.15.AMultivolumeWork
4.6.16.ABookinaSeries
4.6.17.ARepublishedBook
4.6.18.APublisher'sImprint
4.6.19.ABookwithMultiplePublishers
4.6.20.APamphlet
4.6.21.AGovernmentPublication
4.6.22.ThePublishedProceedingsofaConference
4.6.23.ABookinaLanguageOtherThanEnglish
4.6.24.ABookPublishedbefore1900
4.6.25.ABookwithoutStatedPublicationInformationorPagination
4.6.26.AnUnpublishedDissertation
4.6.27.APublishedDissertation
4.7.CitingArticlesandOtherPublicationsinPeriodicals
4.7.1.TheBasicEntry:AnArticleinaScholarlyJournalwithContinuousPagination
4.7.2.AnArticleinaScholarlyJournalThatPagesEachIssueSeparately
4.7.3.AnArticleinaScholarlyJournalThatUsesOnlyIssueNumbers
4.7.4.AnArticleinaScholarlyJournalwithMoreThanOneSeries
4.7.5.AnArticleinaNewspaper
4.7.6.AnArticleinaMagazine
4.7.7.AReview
4.7.8.AnAbstractinanAbstractsJournal
4.7.9.AnAnonymousArticle
4.7.10.AnEditorial
4.7.11.ALettertotheEditor
4.7.12.ASerializedArticle
4.7.13.ASpecialIssue
4.7.14.AnArticleinaMicroformCollectionofArticles
4.7.15.AnArticleReprintedinaLoose-LeafCollectionofArticles
4.8.CitingMiscellaneousPrintandNonprintSources
4.8.1.ATelevisionorRadioProgram
4.8.2.ASoundRecording
4.8.3.AFilmorVideoRecording
4.8.4.APerformance
4.8.5.AMusicalComposition
4.8.6.APainting,Sculpture,orPhotograph
4.8.7.AnInterview
4.8.8.AMaporChart
4.8.9.ACartoon
4.8.10.AnAdvertisement
4.8.11.ALecture,aSpeech,anAddress,oraReading
4.8.12.AManuscriptorTypescript
4.8.13.ALetterorMemo
4.8.14.ALegalSource
4.9.CitingElectronicPublications
4.9.1.Introduction
4.9.2.AnOnlineScholarlyProject,InformationDatabase,orProfessionalorPersonalSite
4.9.3.AnOnlineBook
4.9.4.AnArticleinanOnlinePeriodical
4.9.5.APublicationonCD-ROM,Diskette,orMagneticTape
4.9.6.AWorkinMoreThanOnePublicationMedium
4.9.7.AWorkfromanOnlineService
4.9.8.AWorkinanIndeterminateMedium
4.9.9.OtherElectronicSources
CHAPTER5:Documentation:CitingSourcesintheText
5.1.ParentheticalDocumentationandtheListofWorksCited
5.2.InformationRequiredinParenthetical
Documentation
5.3.Readability
5.4.SampleReferences
5.4.1.CitinganEntirePrintorNonprintWork
5.4.2.CitingPartofaWork
5.4.3.CitingVolumeandPageNumbersofaMultivolumeWork
5.4.4.CitingaWorkListedbyTitle
5.4.5.CitingaWorkbyaCorporateAuthor
5.4.6.CitingTwoorMoreWorksbytheSameAuthororAuthors
5.4.7.CitingIndirectSources
5.4.8.CitingLiteraryandReligiousWorks
5.4.9.CitingMoreThanOneWorkinaSingleParentheticalReference
5.5.UsingNoteswithParentheticalDocumentation
5.5.1.ContentNotes
5.5.2.BibliographicNotesCHAPTER6:Abbreviations
6.1.Introduction
6.2.TimeDesignations
6.3.GeographicNames
6.4.CommonScholarlyAbbreviations
6.5.Publishers'Names
6.6.SymbolsandAbbreviationsUsedinProofreadingandCorrection
6.6.1.SelectedProofreadingSymbols
6.6.2.CommonCorrectionSymbolsandAbbreviations
6.7.TitlesofLiteraryandReligiousWorks
6.7.1.Bible
6.7.2.Shakespeare
6.7.3.Chaucer
6.7.4.OtherLiteraryWorks
AppendixA:SelectedReferenceWorksbyField
A.1.Anthropology
A.2.Art
A.3.Biology
A.4.Business
A.5.Chemistry
A.6.ComputerScience
A.7.Education
A.8.EnvironmentalSciences
A.9.Geography
A.10.Geology
A.11.History
A.12.LanguageandLiterature
A.13.Law
A.14.Mathematics
A.15.Medicine
A.16.Music
A.17.Philosophy
A.18.Physics
A.19.Psychology
A.20.Religion
A.21.ScienceandTechnology
A.22.Sociology
AppendixB:OtherSystemsofDocumentation
B.1.EndnotesandFootnotes
B.1.1.DocumentationNotesversustheListofWorksCitedandParentheticalReferences
B.1.2.NoteNumbers
B.1.3.NoteFormversusBibliographicForm
B.1.4.EndnotesversusFootnotes
B.1.5.SampleFirstNoteReferences:BooksandOtherNonperiodicalPublications
B.1.6.SampleFirstNoteReferences:ArticlesandOtherPublicationsinPeriodicals
B.1.7.SampleFirstNoteReferences:MiscellaneousPrintandNonprintSources
B.1.8.SampleFirstNoteReferences:ElectronicPublications
B.1.9.SubsequentReferences
B.2.Author-DateSystem
B.3.NumberSystem
B.4.SpecializedStyleManuals
SamplePagesofaResearchPaperinMLAStyle
Index
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