Preface xv
Acknowledgments xvii
Introduction 1
Chapter 1：Accustoming Yourselft0 C++ 11
Item 1：View C++as a flederation oflanguages． 11
Item 2：Prefler consts，enums，and inlines to #defines． 13
Item 3：Use const whenever pOSSible．17
Item 4：Make sure that objects are initialized before they're used． 26
Chapter 2：C0nstI'Uctors，DestI'Uctors，and
Assignment operators 34
Item 5：Know what functions C++silently writes and calls． 34
Item 6：Explicitly disanOW the use of compilergenerated
functions yOH do not want． 37
Item 7：Declare destruetors virtual in polymorphic base dasses． 40
Item 8：Prevent exceptions flrom leaVing destructors． 44
Item 9：Never call Virtual functions during construetion Or destruction． 48
Item 10：Have assignment operators return a reference tO*this． 52
Item 11：Handle assignment to self in operator=． 53
Item 19：CoPY a11 parts 0fan 0bject． 57
Chapter 3：Resource ManageInent 61
Item 13：Use objects to manage resources． 61
Item 14：Think carefully about copying behavior in resource-managing cIasses． 66
Item 15：Provide access t0 raw resources in resourcemanaging classes．69
Item 16：Use the same form in corresponding uses 0f new and delete．73
Item 17：store newed 0bjects in smart pointers in standalone statements．75
Chapter 4：Designs and Declarations 78
Item 18：Make interfaces easy t0 use correctly and hard t0 use incorrectly． 78
Item 19：Treat claSS design as type design． 84
Item 20：Prefer pass-by-reference-to-const t0 pass_by-value． 86
Item 21：Don’try to return a refefence when you must return an o bject． 90
Item 22：Declare data members private． q4
Item 23：Prefer non-member non-friend functions to member functions． 98
Item 24：Declare non-member functions when type
conversions shonld apply to a11 parameters． 102
Item 25：Consider SUpport for a non-throwing swap． 106
Chapter 5：Implementations 113
Item 26：P0stpone variable definitions as 10ng as possible． 113
Item 27：Minimize casting． 116
Item 28：Avoid returning“handles”to object internals． 123
Itam 29：strive for exception-safe code． 127
Item 30：Understand the ins and outs 0f inlining． 134
Item 31：Minimize compilation dependencies between files． 140
Chapter 6：Inheritance and 0bject一0riented Design 149
Item 32：Make sure public inheritance models“is-a．” 150
Item 33：Avoid hiding inherited names． 156
Item 34：DifieFentiate between inheritance of interface and
inheritance of implementation．161
Item 35：COIlSider alternatives to virtual functions． 169
Item 36：Never redefine an inherited non-virtnal fLlnction． 178
Item 37: Never redefine a function's inherited default parameter value. 18o
Item 38: Model "has-a" or is-implemented-in-terms-of' through composition. 184
Item 39: Use private inheritance judiciously. 187
Item 40: Use multiple inheritance judiciously. 192
Chapter 7: Templates and Generic Programming 199
Item 41: Understand implicit interfaces and compiletime polymorphism. 199
Item 42: Understand the two meanings of typename. 203
Item 43: Know how to access names in templatized base classes. 207
Item 44: Factor parameter-independent code out of templates. 219
Item 45: Use member function templates to accept "all compatible types." 218
Item 46: Define non-member functions inside templates
when type conversions are desired. 222
Item 47: Use traits classes for information about types. 226
Item 48: Be aware of template metaprogramming. 233
Chapter 8: Customizing new and delete 939
Item 49: Understand the behavior of the new-handler. 240
Item 5o: Understand when it makes sense to replace new and delete. 247
Item 51: Adhere to convention when writing new and delete. 252
Item 52: Write placement delete if you write placement new. 256
Chapter 9: Miscellany 262
Item 53: Pay attention to compiler warnings. 262
Item 54: Familiarize yourself with the standard library, including TR1. 263
Item 55: Familiarize yourself with Boost. 269
Appendix A: Beyond Effective C++ 273
Appendix B: Item Mappings Between Second and Third Editions 977
Index 280
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