CONTENTS
Section 1?History of full-endoscopic spine surgery
Chapter 1?History of Spinal Full-endoscopy and Relevant Equipment Development 002
Chapter 2?History of Full-endoscopic Spine Surgical Techniques 011
Section 2?Full-endoscopic instruments and tools
Chapter 3?Current Main Available Spinal Full-endoscopic System in Market 028
Chapter 4?Tools Applied in Full-endoscopic Spinal Procedures 042
Section 3?Applied spine anatomy for full-endoscopic spine surgery
Chapter 5?Applied Anatomy of Cervical Spine for Full-endoscopic Surgery 054
Chapter 6?Applied Anatomy of Thoracic Spine for Full-Endoscopic Surgery 062
Chapter 7?Applied Anatomy of Lumbar Spine for Full-endoscopic Surgery 066
Section 4?Fundamentals of full-endoscopic spine surgery
Chapter 8? Anesthesia for Full-endoscopic Spinal Surgery 086
Chapter 9?Operating Room Setup 093
Chapter 10?
Optimizing Case Selections in Starting Full-endoscopic Spine Surgery:
?“The Decision is More Important than the Incision” 094
Section 5?Full-endoscopic cervical spine surgery
Chapter 11?Accurate Diagnosis of Chronic Neck Pain 112
Chapter 12?Strategy of Full-endoscopic Cervical Spine Surgery for Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopathy 116
Chapter 13?Strategy of Full-endoscopic Cervical Surgery for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy 124
Chapter 14?Full-endoscopic Cervical Medial Branch Neurotomy 127
Chapter 15?Full-endoscopic Cervical Foraminotomy with/without Discectomy through Posterior Approach 135
Chapter 16?Full-endoscopic Cervical Discectomy through Anterior Approach 142
Chapter 17?
Full-endoscopic Cervical Ventral Decompression through
?Anterior Approach for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy 151
Chapter 18?
Full-endoscopic Cervical Ventral Decompression through Posterior Approach for
?Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy 160
Chapter 19?
Full-endoscopic Uniportal Odontoidectomy and Decompression of the Anterior
?Cervicomedullary Junction Using the Retropharyngeal Approach 165
Chapter 20?Full-endoscopic Bilateral Cervical Arcocristectomy through Unilateral Interlaminar Approach 171
Section 6?Full-endoscopic thoracic spine surgery
Chapter 21?Accurate Diagnosis of Chronic Thoracic Zygapophyseal Joint Induced Upper or Mid Back Pain 182
Chapter 22?Strategy of Full-endoscopic Surgery for Thoracic Disc Herniation 188
Chapter 23?
Strategy for Full-endoscopic Decompression for the Treatment of Thoracic Ossification of
?Ligamentum Flavum 198
Chapter 24
Full-endoscopic Thoracic Dorsal Ramus Neurotomy for Chronic Thoracic Zygapophyseal
?Joint Pain 207
Chapter 25 Full-endoscopic Transforaminal Thoracic Discectomy 212
Chapter 26 Full-endoscopic Thoracic Discectomy through Transthoracic Retropleural Approach 219
Chapter 27
Full-endoscopic Resection of Upper Thoracic Local Ossified Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
?Through Anterior Transcorporeal Approach 226
Chapter 28
Full-endoscopic Resection of Bilateral Thoracic Ossified Ligamentum Flavum Through
?Unilateral Interlaminar Approach 232
Section 7 Full-endoscopic lumbar spine surgery
Chapter 29 Accurate Diagnosis of Chronic Low Back Pain 242
Chapter 30 Strategy of Full-endoscopic Spine Surgery for Lumbar Disc Herniation 249
Chapter 31 Strategy of Full-endoscopic Spine Surgery for Lumbar Spine Stenosis 270
Chapter 32 Strategy of Full-endoscopic Spine Surgery for Discogenic Low Back Pain 279
Chapter 33 Selective Endoscopic Discectomy (SEDTM) Through Posterolateral Approach 297
Chapter 34 Full-endoscopic Transforaminal Lumbar Discectomy Through the Far Lateral Approach 303
Chapter 35
Percutaneous TESSYS Foraminoplasty and Full-endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy
?through Transforaminal Approach 308
Chapter 36
Percutaneous LiESS Foraminoplasty and Full-endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy through
?Transforaminal Approach 321
Chapter 37
Percutaneous ZESSYSTM Foraminoplasty and Full-endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy through
?Transforaminal Approach 345
Chapter 38 Full-endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy through Transpedicular Approach 350
Chapter 39 Percutaneous Isthmus Foraminoplasty and Full-endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy 360
Chapter 40
Percutaneous Penetration and Full-endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy through Interlaminar
?Approach 369
Chapter 41?Full-endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy through Interlaminar Approach 376
Chapter 42?Full-endoscopic Lumbar Decompression Through Transforaminal Approach 381
Chapter 43?Full-endoscopic Unilateral Laminotomy for Bilateral Decompression 387
Chapter 44?The State of the Art and Progress of Full-endoscopic Lumbar Interbody Fusion 393
Chapter 45?Full-endoscopic Lumbar Interbody Fusion Through Transforaminal Approach 400
Chapter 46?Full-endoscopic Lumbar Interbody Fusion Through Interlaminar Approach 420
Chapter 47?Full-endoscopic Neurotomy of Dorsal Ramus of Lumbosacral Spinal Nerve 439
Chapter 48?Full-endoscopic Resection of Facet Cysts 449
Chapter 49?Full-endoscopic Resection of Osteoid Osteoma in Lumbar Spine 453
Chapter 50?Full-endoscopic Resection of Lumbar Epidural Schwannomas in Intervertebral Foramen 457
Section 8?Complications of full-endoscopic spine surgery
Chapter 51?Complications of Full-endoscopic Cervical Spine Surgery 464
Chapter 52?Complications of Full-endoscopic Thoracic Spine Surgery 470
Chapter 53?Complications of Full-endoscopic Lumbar Spine Surgery 477
Section 9?New technologies helping the development of full-endoscopic spine surgery
Chapter 54?3D Printing Technology 486
Chapter 55?O-Arm-Based Navigation in Full-endoscopic Spine Surgery 491
Chapter 56?Robot and Intelligent Operating Room 496
Chapter 57?Stem Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering 504
Chapter 58?Annular Repair Techniques 514
Section 10?Training of full-endoscopic spine surgery
Chapter 59?Training venues and standards 534
Chapter 60?Training Implementation and Assessment of Full-endoscopic Spine Surgery 538
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